II. Characteristics of Village Headman (Questions including name, house #, most convenient phone # to reach respondent, whose phone it is, gender, age, titles/positions currently held, titles/positions previously held, how many years respondent has lived in village, highest grade of school completed, under which school system, from which occupation respondent earned most of income over past 12 months, from which occupation respondent earned most of income when s/he was active, type of worker, how many rai of land does respondent and spouse own, how many rai of land respondent and spouse inherited, from what occupation did respondent’s parents earn most of their income, titles/memberships father holds, titles/memberships mother holds, and # of household in village related to respondent or spouse)

III. Settlement and Population (Questions including when village was settled, from where settlers came, present # of households, present population, how many household use following language at home [Lao, Khmer, Chinese, Sway, or other], whether there have been periods when 3 or more households moved into the village since it was founded, major periods of immigration, who moved to village, from where, whether there have been periods when 3 or more households moved out of the village, major periods of out-migration, who left, to where, why, whether village has ever been officially split into 2 or more villages, name of other village, village #, remarkable changes in village life & organizations, whether village has had same village # since 1986, and village # per year)

IV. Institutions and Organizations

A. BAAC/Agricultural Cooperative Groups in the Village (Questions including how many are active presently, whether group is a BAAC group or an Agricultural Cooperative, name of leader, where leader lives, when group was formed, how many members group has, how many members live outside the village, how many groups there used to be, whether group was a BAAC group or an Agricultural Cooperative, when group ceased to be active, when group was formed, name of group leader, where ex-leader lives, and why group ceased being active)

B. Institutions and Organizations (Questions including whether institution has ever had members/customers in village, any other institutions that are active or used to be active, when institution first began having members/customers, location of institution, whether institution currently has members/customers, when institution did have members/customers, whether organization has any members from outside the village, whether villagers save with institution, whether villagers borrow from institution, and whether institution keeps records of savings/credits)

C. Names of Active Commercial Organizations (Questions including names of following institutions [Gov’t Savings Bank, Commercial Bank, Insurance Co., and Finance Co.] that villagers patronize)

D. Financial Institutions (Questions including whether institution is active & provides savings and/or loan services in village, overall how respondent would rate the financial services of the institution, respondent’s rating for the interest rate for loans borrowed from institution, respondent’s rating for interest rate for savings with institution, respondent’s rating for the size of loans from institution, respondent’s rating for duration of loans from institution, and respondent’s rating for collateral requirements from institution)

E. Formerly Active Institutions (Questions including why institution ceased to be active, and whether respondent would like institution to begin operating again)

F. Wish List (Questions including what additional institutions respondent would like to have in village, why, and what respondent believes are barriers to establishing these institutions)

V. Technological Change and Important Events

A. Technological Changes (Questions including how many household have electricity, when the village first got electricity, how many household in village have a TV, when first household got a TV, how many telephones are in village, when village got a telephone for the first time, how many household currently own walking tractors/4-wheel tractors, how many are owned in total, when they were first used, who first used one, age of first person that started using one, highest grade of school person completed, under which system of grades, how many rai of land person had then, how the person learned about the tractor, institutions/organizations that were involved in the tractor’s introduction, how many household currently have a shrimp/fish farm, who first started one, age of first person who started one, highest grade of school person finished, under which system of grades, how many rai the person had then, how person learned about the farm, institutions/organizations that were involved in its introduction, how many household currently use chemical fertilizers, when chemical fertilizer was first used, who first started using it, age of first person who started using it, highest grade of school person finished, under which system of grades, how many rai person had then, how person learned about it, institutions/organizations that were involved in its introduction, whether there are any factories in amphoe, when factory first began to operate, whether there is a temple in village, when temple was first built, and where temple most villagers go to is located)

B. Natural Disasters and Epidemics & Diseases (Questions including when village was significantly affected by a natural disaster [drought, flood, storm, crop disease, or other], the event, year it took place, how village coped with it, when village was significantly affected by epidemics/diseases [cholera, typhoid, malaria, HIV/AIDS, hemorrhagic fever, small pox, or other], how many people were sick, how many people died, and how village coped with it)

VI. Transportation

A. Roads (Questions including km village is from main road, when main road was paved, how land price changed since paving, whether villagers are going to a different market to sell major crop since paving, whether villagers are going to a different market to buy chemical fertilizers since paving, where old market was located, percentage of road connecting village to main road that is paved, when connecting road was paved for first time, how pavement was financed, whether a drainage system is built into connecting road, how drainage system was financed, and whether a car can pass the connecting road during rainy season in an average year)

 

B. Other Transportation Systems (Questions including when villagers first got access to a train, bus, or canal)

VII. Land

A. Area Under Cultivation (Questions including how many rai of land are cultivated now, how many were 5 years ago, how many were 10 years ago, why villagers decided to expand/decrease area under cultivation, and how expansion/decrease in area cultivated was accomplished)

 

B. Land Ownership (Questions including current # for situations [# of household who have no land, rai of land owned by outsiders, rai of land with chanod, rai of land with NS3, rai of land with NS3K, rai of land with SK1, or rai of land with other title], changes in these numbers in last 20 years, when change occurred, why changed occurred, how many households have acquired more than 20 rai of land in last 20 years, main occupation of household head who purchased more than 20 rai of land most recently, how purchase was financed, how many households have sold or lost more than 20 rai of land in last 20 years, main occupation of household head who sold or lost more than 20 rai of land most recently, why household sold or lost land, whether village has ever had any common land, when common land was first established, how much there was 10 years ago, how much there was 20 years ago, when common land was abolished, whether any part of village has become a non-economic forest reserve area, when it was first declared such, how much there is now, when it was abolished, percentage that is currently cultivated, percentage that is currently covered with trees, whether any part of village has been an economic forest reserve area, when it was first declared such, how much there is now, when it was abolished, percentage that is currently cultivated, and percentage that is currently covered with trees)

 

C. Land Quality (Questions including how many rai of land in village is of high/medium/low quality, whether high/medium/low quality land is low land or upland, whether high/medium/low quality land has good or bad access to a water source, how fertile high/medium/low quality land is, type of soil high/medium/low quality land has, major crop with enough water that is grown on high/medium/low quality land, major crop without enough water that is grown on high/medium/low quality land, average yield on high/medium/low quality land, average annual rent per rai on high/medium/low quality land, average price per rai of high/medium/low quality land, highest price paid for high/medium/low quality land that has best access, whether this was the same 5 years ago, whether this was the same 10 years ago, lowest price paid for high/medium/low quality land that has worst access, whether this was the same 5 years ago, and whether this was the same 10 years ago)

D. Soil Problems and Pollution (Questions including whether there are any problems with soil, what kinds of problems [top soil erosion, acidic soil, low nutrient soil, poor drainage, hardened soil, or other], how many rai are affected by problem now, when problem became recognizable, reason for problem, whether households have worked together to solve problem, institutions/organizations that have been involved in solving the problem or helping affected household, whether village has experienced problem [fertilizer/pesticide/herbicide or sewage/dumping in drinking water, fertilizer/pesticide/herbicide or sewage/dumping in household water, fertilizer/pesticide/herbicide or sewage/dumping in crop water, fertilizer/pesticide/herbicide or sewage/dumping in soil, fertilizer/pesticide/herbicide or sewage/dumping on animals, and fertilizer/pesticide/herbicide or sewage/dumping on people], how many household are affected by this problem, when this problem became recognizable, whether household have worked together to solve problem, institutions/organizations that have been involved in solving this problem or helping affected households, and whether one farmer’s application of chemical fertilizer/pesticide/herbicide hurt or help other farmers who have plots nearby)

E. Water (Questions including which of the following sources [rainfall, stream, river, irrigated canal, natural khlong, man-made khlong, natural reservoir, small man-made reservoir, large man-made reservoir, natural ponds, well, large pumps, or other] provide water for agricultural purposes during a typical hot season, percentage of plots that do not have access to this source during hot season, which sources provide water for agricultural purposes during a typical rainy season, percentage of plots that do not have access to this source during rainy season, which sources provide water for agricultural purposes during a typical cold season, percentage of plots that do not have access to this source during cold season, if source is man-made when was it constructed, who planned it, and how it was financed)

VIII. Occupation

A. Agricultural Activities (Questions including how many households are involved in agriculture as owners/renters, whether there is a reliable irrigation system in village, crops grown in an average year, # of households that grow these crops in an average year, seasonal pattern of agricultural work in an average year, crops grown in a favorable year in terms of timing & amount of rain, # of households that grow these crops in a favorable year in terms of timing & amount of rain, seasonal pattern of agricultural work in a favorable year in terms of timing & amount of rain, crops grown in a relatively bad year in terms of timing & amount of rain, # of households that grow these crops in a relatively bad year in terms of timing & amount of rain, seasonal pattern of agricultural work in a relatively bad year in terms of timing & amount of rain, when villagers first grew improved varieties of major crop, current variety of improved major crop, fraction of framers who grow it, who was first person to grow it, age of first person to grow it, highest grade of school person completed, under which system of grades, how many rai of land person owned then, how person learned of improvement, institutions/organizations that were involved in adoption of new variety of main crop, when there isn’t enough water what is the latest possible month that respondent can plant major crop, percentage of households that used labor [unpaid family labor, labor exchange among villagers, hire other villagers, hire workers from other villagers, or others] for following agricultural activities in a year when there was enough water for agriculture, average yield in kg per rai of crop last year, average price per kg of crop last year, whether villagers started growing crop in past 20 years, when villagers first started growing crop, where villagers got idea to start growing crop, how most of villagers sell major crop, where most villagers sell major crop, to what store/institution/processor/trader do most villagers sell major crop, when villagers first started selling major crop, previously how did villagers sell major crop, where most villagers sold major crop, to what store/institution/processor/trader sold major crop, where villagers buy chemical fertilizers, where is store/institution/processor/trader located, when most villagers started buying chemical fertilizer, previously where villagers bought chemical fertilizer, its location, whether farmers cooperate in following activities [getting inputs, production, and selling/transporting outputs], all organizations involved in cooperation, when farmers started cooperating in this way, whether farmers have ever cooperation in activities, when they stopped, whether village has any public storage facilities, when it was first established, how it was financed, how many households use it, institutions/organizations involved in it, whether village ever had it, and when it ceased to operate)

 

B. Non-Agricultural Wage Labor (Questions including how many people are involved in regular full-time non-agricultural wage labor [factory labor, construction worker, clerical worker, or mechanic], where workplace is located, when villagers first started these jobs, average/highest/lowest daily wage for job, last year how many people are involved in seasonal non-agricultural wage labor [factory labor, construction worker, clerical worker, or mechanic], where workplace is located, when villagers first started these jobs, average/highest/lowest daily wage for job, whether anyone in village does piece work for a factory, what items are produced by a piece work, how many people produce this item, when villagers first started producing it, and where are factories are located)

 

C. Other Activities (Questions including how many people work the following jobs [traders, shopkeepers, money lenders, restaurant owner, rice miller, mechanics/repair shops, beauty shops/barbers, silk weaving, other craft work, and fisheries – fresh & marine], when people first started working these jobs, whether any of them sell goods/services regularly on credit, whether there are any jobs that people used to do but do no longer, what were these jobs, when did villagers stop doing them, why they stopped, whether village is especially known for any products or services, for what goods or services, when villager first started making good or providing service, and compared to 20 years ago does respondent think villagers today are more likely/less likely/about the same to do the following [lend money/rice without interest to relatives, lend money/rice without interest to non-relatives, help other villagers with money/rice in an emergency or sickness, help other villagers with money/rice when there is a monk’s ceremony or a funeral or a wedding, help other villagers with free labor when there is a monk’s ceremony or a funeral or a wedding, help other villagers by sharing equipment/buffalo, help other villagers by providing free labor, and give money to temple])

IX. Social Structure and Welfare (Questions including approximate # of households which receive remittances from relatives at least once a year, approximate # of households which send remittances to relatives at least once a year, # of households where an elderly person is the head & no other members are earning income, details on all sources of help for these households, typical way parents currently transfer land and other assets to their children, whether savings has changed from the past, when change occurred, why change occurred, whether there is a village committee for conflict resolution, how many times committee tried help resolve conflict [conflicts between married couples/divorce, conflicts over repayment of loans from individuals, conflicts over repayment of loans from institutions, or disputes over land boundaries], how many times respondent has tried to help resolve conflicts, how villagers typically help when someone builds a house, whether there has been a change to this in past 20 years, how villagers helped 20 years ago, and when change occurred)

X. Village Leadership (Questions including {all the following apply to current headman, previous headman, prior headman} name, length of tenure, how s/he was elected, occupation, how much land s/he owned, highest grade of school completed, relationship to previous headman, major achievements, major problems confronting, and what respondent {current headman} would like to achieve in the future)

XI. Income/Welfare Fluctuations (Questions including best year of last five for village welfare, why, how many households experienced higher income that year, best year ever for village welfare, why, how many households experienced higher income that year, worst year of last five for village welfare, why, how many household experienced lower income that year, worst year ever for village welfare, why, how many households experience lower income that year, in last 20 years how many people who used to be poor have become rich by villager’s standards, and visa versa)

XII. Ranking of Villages in the Tambon (Questions including which village of the four is the best in terms of these categories [availability & quality of institutions, cooperation among villagers, natural resources, village leadership, or standard of living], which village is the worst, and any additional comments or observations)